Sep 18-Oct 2, opening reception Sat 18 Sep, 2-4pm, artist in attendance:
Bobbie Burgers is known for her luscious bouquets, blown-up botanicals and pastoral landscapes which focus on sumptuous colour and wild movement ... more
Bobbie Burgers is known for her luscious bouquets, blown-up botanicals and pastoral landscapes which focus on sumptuous colour and wild movement. Believing that the tragedy of beauty is its inevitability to fade, she captures that fleeting moment and makes one pause and absorb the wonder of what surrounds us. Burgers' strong, assured brush work and keen sense of colour are the essence of her work, which has become richer, denser and more complex as her ideas rapidly evolve. With almost 50 solo exhibitions, Burgers has attained international stature.
Oct 9-23, opening reception Sat 9 Oct, 2-4pm:
Alex Cameron's current work displays the virtuosity of an artist in his prime as he continues to create new abstract and landscape canvases ... more
Alex Cameron is celebrated as a well-known contemporary painter with an exceptional outlook on the world. Cameron studied at the New School of Art in Toronto under Graham Coughtry as well as Gordon Rayner, Dennis Burton, and Bob Markle. He worked as a preparator at the Art Gallery of Ontario and as a studio assistant for Jack Bush. His oils, watercolours and early acrylics are in many museums, corporate and private collections. Alex's current work displays the virtuosity of an artist in his prime as he continues to create new abstract and landscape canvases.
Oct 9-23, opening reception Sat 9 Oct, 2-4pm:
Janna Watson's work includes a beautiful freeness, a carefully balanced pairing of loose painting and stain combined with perfectly placed architectural lines ... more
Janna Watson is a recent graduate of the Ontario College of Art and Design, who has enjoyed early success in her painting career. Janna's work includes a beautiful freeness, a carefully balanced pairing of loose painting and stain combined with perfectly placed architectural lines. Janna says she is inspired by the contours of the natural landscape and the harsh outlines of urbanity. Most of her paintings are on wood panels coated in resin, giving a deep saturation to the swirling stains of colour and sharp lines below.
Flirting with Bling is a delightful and thought-provoking exhibition that explores representations of culture, beauty and fashion through contemporary and historical artworks... Marepe, Iain Baxter&, Ramón Serrano, Françoise Sullivan, Natalie Munk, Sharon Switzer, Frank Mädler, Lori Newdick, Grit Schwerdtfeger, Roxanne Lowit, Barbara Astman, Sarah Moon, Erwin Blumenfeld, George Platt Lynes, Edmund Kesting, Horst P. Horst and Irving Penn... more
Flirting with Bling is a delightful and thought-provoking exhibition that explores representations of culture, beauty and fashion through contemporary and historical artworks. It provides an opportunity for viewers to question how we create and celebrate culture through photography, painting, and installation. Flirting with Bling offers an array of accomplished and provocative artists, some of whom are widely known here, and others who may be new to Toronto audiences. The inspiration for the show was Set of Calabashes, by contemporary Brazilian artist Marepe. This 24-piece installation of abstract calabashes made of aluminum exercises a magnetic pull on the viewer, as does Iain Baxter&'s inflatable signature Ampersand, rising and falling in the centre of the Gallery. Other fascinating works include Ramón Serrano's Horizonte drawings, which evoke the skyline of utopia as seen from his native Cuba; paintings by automatist Françoise Sullivan and Natalie Munk; text and pixel-art video work by Sharon Switzer, photography artists such as Frank Mädler, Lori Newdick, Grit Schwerdtfeger, Roxanne Lowit, Barbara Astman, Sarah Moon, Erwin Blumenfeld, George Platt Lynes, Edmund Kesting, Horst P. Horst and Irving Penn.
Jennifer Walton: Paintings for Two Seasons – represents summer and winter Canadian iconographies – two aspects of the Canadian landscape and their connection to the Canadian experience ... more
Jennifer Walton: Paintings for Two Seasons – represents summer and winter Canadian iconographies – two aspects of the Canadian landscape and their connection to the Canadian experience.
Edward Day Gallery news: Penelope Stewart, James Ridyard, Dan Kennedy, Melissa Doherty, Doug Guildford... more
Penelope Stewart's Canopy (2005) is on view at The Military Museums, Calgary, Alberta, Sep 11, 2010 - Jan 31, 2011 (leading to the Founders' Gallery and suspended over the walkway) (http://www.themilitarymuseums.ca/explore).
Penelope Stewart's Apian Screen (2010) is part of Beyond | In WNY 2010: Alternating Currents at Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, Sep 24, 2010 - Jan 16, 2011 (http://www.albrightknox.org and / or http://www.beyondinwny.org). James Ridyard: Framing Memory marks the opening of Yorkminster Park Gallery's (Toronto) fifth season – Sep 11-Oct 8, 2010; artist talk & reception Sun 12 Sep, 12:15-2pm (http://www.yorkminsterpark.com).
Dan Kennedy is one of three participating artists in Ticket to Ride at the University of Waterloo Art Gallery, Sep 13-Oct 30, 2010; reception Thur 16 Sep, 5-9pm (http://www.artgallery.uwaterloo.ca).
Melissa Doherty is part of the Rafael Sottolichio-curated group exhibition L'Anti-Sublime at Maison de la Culture Plateau-Mont-Royal, Montréal, Québec, Sep 3-Oct 3, 2010; opening Thur 2 Sep, 5pm (http://bit.ly/cy6qlC).
Melissa Doherty – solo exhibition at Le Musée de Beaux-Arts de Sherbrooke, Québec, Oct 9, 2010 - Jan 16, 2011 (http://www.mbas.qc.ca).
Doug Guildford – The Intertidal Zone: Prints by Doug Guildford at the Burnaby Art Gallery, British Columbia, Sep 14-Nov 21, 2010(http://www.burnabyartgallery.ca).
Specializing in quality Inuit art from across the Canadian Arctic. The gallery has an extensive inventory of early and contemporary Inuit works and an active schedule of exhibitions. Due to the expertise and dedication of gallery staff, Feheley Fine Arts has become synonymous with excellence in the field of Inuit art for over 30 years ... more
Specializing in quality Inuit art from across the Canadian Arctic. The gallery has an extensive inventory of early and contemporary Inuit works and an active schedule of exhibitions. Due to the expertise and dedication of gallery staff, Feheley Fine Arts has become synonymous with excellence in the field of Inuit art for over 30 years.
Sep 11-25:
Ohotaq Mikkigak: New Drawings... In his work, Ohotaq fuses a playful sense of humour with a profound knowledge of living in the North ... more
Ohotaq Mikkigak: New Drawings. This exhibition features a large group of works on paper by Cape Dorset artist Ohotaq Mikkigak. In his work, Ohotaq fuses a playful sense of humour with a profound knowledge of living in the North. He communicates his Arctic experiences through his ink and coloured pencil drawings of birds, hunters, and transformation pieces.
Oct 2-16:
Jane Ash Poitras: Transitions... In a style uniquely her own, the artist gives a voice to the experiences of Canada's aboriginal people through her contemporary mixed media compositions ... more
Jane Ash Poitras: Transitions. Feheley Fine Arts is delighted to present a new body of work by Jane Ash Poitras. In a style uniquely her own, the artist gives a voice to the experiences of Canada's aboriginal people through her contemporary mixed media compositions.
A Collection of Fine Art from Historical Canadian Artists... more
A Collection of Fine Art from Historical Canadian Artists – Arthur Lismer, Lawren Harris, Albert Franck, Jock MacDonald, Charles Comfort, Homer Watson, Leon Bellefleur, Alan Collier, J. W. Beatty, Frank Johnston, Mary Wrinch, Rita Mound, Frederick Coburn, Jack Vickers and Herbert S. Palmer.
Sep 24-Oct 15:
We welcome Catherine Perehudoff's first exhibition at Gallery Gevik – Light and in Colour Landscapes. This collection includes a variety of images from across Canada ... more
We welcome Catherine Perehudoff's first exhibition at Gallery Gevik – Light and in Colour Landscapes. This collection includes a variety of images from across Canada.
Summer group exhibition – Karel Appel, John Anderson, Peter Aspell, Ken Danby, Sorel Etrog, Dennis Geden, Robert Hedrick, Candida Höfer, Gershon Iskowitz, Evan Levy, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Thaddaeus, Kevin Tranh ... more
Summer group exhibition – Karel Appel, John Anderson, Peter Aspell, Ken Danby, Sorel Etrog, Dennis Geden, Robert Hedrick, Candida Höfer, Gershon Iskowitz, Evan Levy, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Thaddaeus, Kevin Tranh.
Sep 23-Oct 22, exhibition opening and book launch Thur 23 Sep, 5-8pm:
Art or War– bullet paintings by Victor Mitic... more
Celebrate Celebrity – an exhibition featuring the exclusive collection of celebrity signature art from Toronto native Bryan Ulrich... more
The Signature Library and Gallery One present Celebrate Celebrity – Solo show: An exhibition featuring the exclusive collection of celebrity signature art from Toronto native Bryan Ulrich. For over 20 years, Bryan's passion for acquiring and preserving Pop Culture memorabilia has evolved into an overwhelming and truly one-of-a-kind collection of celebrity memorabilia. From Wayne Gretzky to Michael Jordan in his early days to the remarkable stories of encounters with stars like Robert De Niro and Paul McCartney, Bryan has achieved a unique inventory of memorabilia like no other. The exhibition will feature some of Bryan's most prestigious and valuable pieces; such as a rare Michael Jackson autographed and inscribed "Beat It" leather Jacket, a Rolling Stones autographed Fender Stratocaster guitar, a rare Easy Rider movie poster autographed by Dennis Hopper, Peter Fonda & Jack Nicholson, to name a few. The exhibition will also feature a TIFF collection of Bryan's greatest TIFF conquests, from photos with the biggest names to appear at TIFF over the last 20 years to memorabilia pieces that were signed at TIFF, recalling the stories of where, how and when. This exhibition will also mark the world exclusive of Bryan's renowned largest and most diverse collection of autographed Michael Jackson memorabilia. Bryan's collection of signature art pieces are a culmination of a chase – a journey – a story – and an experience that can never be matched. His behind-the-scenes fervor has brought him into exclusive parties, onto closed sets and alongside the biggest stars in the business. Each signature in this collection complements existing artwork and was acquired by Bryan himself. His stories cannot be replicated and the flawless pieces can never be duplicated. From the days of a young Wayne Gretzky to the world's most extensive Michael Jackson signature collection, Bryan Ulrich's experience, integrity and creativity remains untouched in the world of signature art.
Ongoing:
Gallery One's collection of American and Canadian masters including (but not limited to), Tony Scherman, Jack Bush, Wolf Kahn, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Jules Olitski, Helen Frankenthaler, Anthony Caro, Roy Lerner, Barry Oretsky, Graham Peacock and Hans Hofmann... more
Gallery One's collection of American and Canadian masters including (but not limited to), Tony Scherman, Jack Bush, Wolf Kahn, Jean-Paul Riopelle, Jules Olitski, Helen Frankenthaler, Anthony Caro, Roy Lerner, Barry Oretsky, Graham Peacock and Hans Hofmann.
Sep 18-Oct 9, opening reception Sat 25 Sep, 2-4pm, artists in attendance:
Bruce Cochrane: Continuity – engaging, functional ceramics I Jody Joseph: Luminoso – paintings created from vistas in the Umbrian landscape in Italy shows the artist sharing the “real” ... more
Bruce Cochrane: Continuity – ceramics and Jody Joseph: Luminoso – paintings. Continuity is an exhibition of ceramic work by artist Bruce Cochrane, R.C.A. Cochrane is interested in making engaging, functional work. Cochrane is also interested in making work that references a connection to ceramic history while making it fit within a contemporary context. The artist states, “Ancient Chinese bronze and clay vessels have inspired a more formal and ceremonial attitude in my recent work. In addition, architectural form and detail suggest ideas leading to a sense of monumentality, structure and interior space within the ceramic scale.” Jody Joseph creates paintings that unfold and shimmer in her latest show, Luminoso. Joseph's latest body of work, created from vistas in the Umbrian landscape in Italy, shows the artist sharing the “real.” The artist writes, “...more detail doesn't make it more real...the opposite isn't necessarily true...for the landscape painter, “real” begins with a connection to the motif – the site.” With each brush stroke to delineate space and objects within the space, Joseph demonstrates a connection to her motif and the likes of Corot, Cézanne, and Morandi.
Oct 2-Nov 6, opening reception Sat 16 Oct, 2-4pm:
Josée Desjardins: A jeweller's travel memorabilia – jewellery ... more
Josée Desjardins: A jeweller's travel memorabilia – jewellery.
Oct 16-Nov 6, opening reception Sat 16 Oct, 2-4pm:
We are currently looking for consignments for our Nov 25, 2010 Live Auction of Fine Canadian Art and Canadian Post-War & Contemporary Art. Deadline for submissions: Aug 31, 2010... more
We are currently looking for consignments for our November 25, 2010 Live Auction of Fine Canadian Art and Canadian Post-War & Contemporary Art. Deadline for submissions: August 31, 2010. Artists of special interest include: S. Andrews, M. Bates, B. C. Binning, D. Blackwood, P.-E. Borduas, J. Bush, F. Carmichael, E. Carr, A. J. Casson, F. S. Coburn, A. Colville, M. Cullen, J.-P. Dallaire, M. Ferron, M.-A. Fortin, C. Gagnon, L. Harris, E. Holgate, E. J. Hughes, G. Iskowitz, A. Y. Jackson, F. Johnston, C. Krieghoff, W. Kurelek, J. P. Lemieux, R. Letendre, A. Lismer, J. E. H. MacDonald, J. Macdonald, D. Milne, J. W. Morrice, P. Peel, W. J. Phillips, R. Pilot, B. Reid, J. P. Riopelle, G. Roberts, A. H. Robinson, W. Ronald, A. Savage, J. Shadbolt, G. Smith, M.-A. Suzor-Cote, H. Town, T. Thomson, F. H. Varley, W. P. Weston and many others.
Summer Series II – rotating group exhibition featuring new works by Yann Leroux, Sara Sniderhan, Alain Bonder, Yi Song, Scott Owles and Sean Yelland – http://bit.ly/b4fxtq... more
Summer Series II – rotating group exhibition featuring new works by Yann Leroux, Sara Sniderhan, Alain Bonder, Yi Song, Scott Owles and Sean Yelland. http://bit.ly/b4fxtq.
Sep 11-25, opening celebration with the artist Sat 11 Sep, 2-4pm:
Jon Claytor: Easy Evolution. First exhibited publicly at Galerie Sans Nom in New Brunswick, Claytor's Easy Evolution is a departure in both form and subject matter. Large three-dimensional freestanding paintings replace traditional canvases – http://bit.ly/atmbAp... more
Jon Claytor: Easy Evolution. First exhibited publicly at Galerie Sans Nom in New Brunswick, Claytor's Easy Evolution is a departure in both form and subject matter. Large three-dimensional freestanding paintings replace traditional canvases, and animals are featured instead of people. The artist equates his work to the rock graffiti he enjoyed deep in the Canadian woods as a child: "where untouched nature and modernity collided just as youth disappeared and experience took its place. There was graffiti on rocks and bears nearby." http://bit.ly/atmbAp.
Oct 2-23, opening celebration with the artist Sat 2 Oct, 2-4pm:
Works by Joan Mitchell, Jean Paul Riopelle, Jack Bush, Jules Olitski, Alexander Calder, Alan Reynolds, Dorothy Knowles, William Perehudoff, Arman, Anthony Caro, Lynn Chadwick, Raoul Dufy, Henri Hayden and more ... more
Works by Joan Mitchell, Jean Paul Riopelle, Jack Bush, Jules Olitski, Alexander Calder, Alan Reynolds, Dorothy Knowles, William Perehudoff, Arman, Anthony Caro, Lynn Chadwick, Raoul Dufy, Henri Hayden and more.
Recent Acquisitions – Alex Katz: "Anne", Robert Goodnought 1950s work on canvas, Miriam Shapiro, Eberhard Ross recent work on canvas, William Perehudoff 1970s work on canvas, Rafael Barrios sculpture ... more
Recent Acquisitions – Alex Katz: "Anne", Robert Goodnought 1950s work on canvas, Miriam Shapiro, Eberhard Ross recent work on canvas, William Perehudoff 1970s work on canvas, Rafael Barrios sculpture.
Works on paper – Bacon, Chagall, Corot, Degas, Hockney, Magritte, Matisse, Moore, Picasso, Stella, Warhol and more ... more
Works on paper – Milton Avery, Francis Bacon, Pierre Bonnard, Georges Braque, Alexander Calder, Mary Cassatt, Paul Cézanne, Lynn Chadwick, Marc Chagall, Jean Cocteau, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, Edgar Degas, Raoul Dufy, Helen Frankenthaler, David Hockney, Howard Hodgkin, Marie Laurencin, Fernand Léger, Maillol, René Magritte, Edouard Manet, Henri Matisse, Henry Moore, William Perehudoff, Pablo Picasso, Frank Stella, Van Dongen, Jacques Villon, Andy Warhol.
Largely abstract oil paintings by contemporary artist Zhang He (CAN) and new bronze works by figurative sculptor Claude Hazanavicius (CAN) ... more
Largely abstract oil paintings by contemporary artist Zhang He (CAN) and new bronze works by figurative sculptor Claude Hazanavicius (CAN).
Opening Oct 28:
Realist paintings by Jacques Leveille (CAN) ... more
Realist paintings by Jacques Leveille (CAN).
Odon Wagner Gallery, established in 1969, is Toronto's premier gallery for historical art, specializing in 18th- & 19th-century European paintings, as well as paintings by Modern Masters ... more
Odon Wagner Gallery, established in 1969, is Toronto's premier gallery for historical art, specializing in 18th- & 19th-century European paintings, as well as paintings by Modern Masters.
On-site conservation studio offers: Restoration and conservation of painting, sculpture, prints and frames. Appraisal and authentication for individuals, corporations and insurance companies. Sell your fine painting out-right or on consignment with a name you can trust. Contact Nicholas Wagner for further details ... more
On-site conservation studio offers: Restoration and conservation of painting, sculpture, prints and frames. Appraisal and authentication for individuals, corporations and insurance companies. Sell your fine painting outright or on consignment with a name you can trust. Contact Nicholas Wagner for further details.
Odon Wagner Contemporary is one of Toronto's foremost contemporary galleries, featuring leading Canadian, American, Chinese, and Spanish artists in painting, photography and sculpture. Please contact Rafael Wagner with your artist submission ... more
Odon Wagner Contemporary is one of Toronto's foremost contemporary galleries, featuring leading Canadian, American, Chinese, and Spanish artists in painting, photography and sculpture. Please contact Rafael Wagner with your artist submission.
Babble – Duncan MacDonald with Emmanuelle Raynaut. Video, sculptures, and sound art by MacDonald. Videos by French performance & installation artist Raynaut ... more
Babble – Duncan MacDonald with Emmanuelle Raynaut. Video, sculptures, and sound art by MacDonald. Videos by French performance & installation artist Raynaut.
Gilbert Garcin – Mister G. In his photographs, Gilbert poses as an ordinary "Mr. Everybody," dressed with an old overcoat ... more
Gilbert Garcin –Mister G. The gallery is pleased to present Gilbert Garcin's first commercial exhibition in Canada. Garcin was originally the owner of a lamp manufacturing company in Marseille, France. Following a workshop during the Rencontres Internationales in Arles, under the direction of Pascal Dolemieux, Garcin, at the age of 65, gave up his business and began his photographic career. His work has been exhibited and collected around the globe, which satisfies his goal of sharing his ideas on life and his perspective on the world with the public at large. In his photographs, Garcin poses as an ordinary 'Mr. Everybody,' dressed in an old overcoat. By placing himself, via the character he embodies, in absurd and inextricable situations, he invites us to ponder such philosophical quandaries as time, solitude and the weight of existence. His work raises a number of universal questions about the meaning of human existence. The crudeness of his technique, combined with the intelligence of his themes, reflects an earnestness that embodies both the character and the creator. In regards to his use of humour, Garcin believes, “The kind of exercise I am doing with my photographs can easily become pompous, pedantic, or overly serious. It's important to put a layer of humour right away, to let people enter into contact with the subject. Humour for me is not an end in itself, but thank goodness it's there!”
Group Exhibition of Gallery Artists, featuring Antje Laidler – Recent Drawings... more
Group Exhibition of Gallery Artists, featuring Antje Laidler – Recent Drawings.
Nov 18-Dec 18, opening Thur 18 Nov, 10am:
Annual Christmas Exhibition – Gallery Artists... more
Annual Christmas Exhibition – Gallery Artists.
Sep 7-18:
Group Exhibition of Gallery Artists, featuring Antje Laidler – Recent Drawings... more
Group Exhibition of Gallery Artists, featuring Antje Laidler – Recent Drawings.
Sep 24-Oct 16, opening Fri 24 Sep, 7:30-9:30pm:
Painters Eleven – exhibition of selected works by members ot the Painters Eleven. Also, signed copies of Iris Nowell's new book, Painters Eleven – Wild Ones of Canadian Art, is available at a discount through our gallery ... more
Painters Eleven – exhibition of selected works by members ot the Painters Eleven. Also, signed copies of Iris Nowell's new book, Painters Eleven – Wild Ones of Canadian Art, is available at a discount through our gallery.
Oct 22-Nov 13, opening Fri 22 Oct, 7:30-9:30pm:
Allen Smutylo: Nomad Memoirs – new oils and works on paper ... more
Allen Smutylo: Nomad Memoirs – new oils and works on paper.
Selected Gallery Artists – painting and sculpture ... more
Selected Gallery Artists – Paintings by Norah Borden, Corinne Duchesne, Ruth Dwyer, Hans Engel, Estate of Christopher Estridge, Pat Fairhead,Estate of Telford Fenton, Charles Gibbons, Christopher Griffin, Karoline Varin-Jarkowski, Miro Korsic, Anne-Marie Kornachuk, Kathryn Gabinet-Kroo, Shirray Langley, David Peacock, Arthur Potts, Estate of Theodore Rieger, Hanna Ruminski, Ewa Stryjnik, Ernestine Tahedl, Katya Trischuk, Jodi Wheeler, Mary Wright. Sculpture by Yeon-Tak Chang, Don Liardi, Frank Vondrejs, Gisela Wittenberg & selected Inuit carvers.
Sep 21-30, book signing + reception with the artist Sat 25 Sep, 2-4pm:
The Trias Gallery is pleased to present a solo exhibition of works by Charles Gibbons and the launch of the book by R. D. Humber, Charles Gibbons So Far...... more
The Trias Gallery is pleased to present a solo exhibition of works by Charles Gibbons and the launch of the book by R. D. Humber, Charles Gibbons So Far... Special book signing event with artist signing a limited number of books on Sat 25 Sep, 2-4pm. The exhibition revisits Gibbons' paintings from 1988 to 2005. Gibbons is known for using a disparate array of mediums and methods to present and explore some of the most challenging questions and paradoxes about the nature of being human. The American art critic Dave Hickey has said, "Artists shouldn't be obligated to explain their work. I don't care about an artist's intentions. I care if the work looks like it might have some consequences." Charles Gibbons demonstrates that his works have consequences, and words are not needed to pull you deep into the spiritual essence of each piece.
Gallery services: consultation, installation, framing, free delivery in GTA, art rental to movie and TV sets ... more
Gallery services: consultation, installation, framing, free delivery in GTA, art rental to movie and TV studios.
Representing contemporary Canadian artists – Michael Adamson, Barbara Babinski, David Bolduc, Mark Cartile, Paul Chester, Teresa Cullen, Hugh Cunningham, Blaise DeLong, Jennifer Dickson, Patricia Doyle, Dale Dunning, Paul Healey, David Peter Hunsberger, Duncan de Kergommeaux, Brian Kipping, Jaya Krishnan, Karen Kulyk, Danièle Lemieux, John Macdonald, Robert Marchessault, Neil McClelland, Shelley Mitchell, David Pelletier, Joe Plaskett, Daniel Ross, Blair Sharpe, Kelvin Smith, David Sorensen ... more
Representing contemporary Canadian artists – Michael Adamson, Barbara Babinski, David Bolduc, Mark Cartile, Paul Chester, Teresa Cullen, Hugh Cunningham, Blaise DeLong, Jennifer Dickson, Patricia Doyle, Dale Dunning, Paul Healey, David Peter Hunsberger, Duncan de Kergommeaux, Brian Kipping, Jaya Krishnan, Karen Kulyk, Danièle Lemieux, John Macdonald, Robert Marchessault, Neil McClelland, Shelley Mitchell, David Pelletier, Joe Plaskett, Daniel Ross, Blair Sharpe, Kelvin Smith, David Sorensen.
Services – custom picture framing, restorations, appraisals ... more